- [countable]
either of the two parts of the body between the top of each arm and the neck 肩；肩膀；肩胛 
your left/right shoulder 你的左/右肩膀 a tall man with broad shoulders 一个高个子，肩膀宽大 - over somebody's shoulder
He slung the bag over his shoulder. 他把包一甩，挎在肩上。 🔊🔊 He looked back over his shoulder. 他扭头朝后看。 🔊🔊 - on somebody's shoulder
He carried the child on his shoulders. 他把孩子扛在肩上。 🔊🔊 I put a hand on her shoulder to stop her. 我把手放在她的肩膀上阻止她。 She tapped him on the shoulder. 她拍了拍他的肩膀。 🔊🔊 - around somebody's shoulder
He put an arm around her shoulders and pulled her close. 他搂着她的肩膀，把她拉近了。 She shrugged her shoulders (= showing that she didn't know or care). 她耸了耸肩。 🔊🔊 an off-the-shoulder dress (= that does not cover the shoulders) 露肩连衣裙 a shoulder injury 肩膀受伤 I have to have shoulder surgery. 我必须做肩部手术。
Collocations Physical appearancePhysical appearance 外貌 - A person may be described as having:
描述一个人的长相可用 have 一词： Eyes 眼睛 - (bright) blue/green/(dark/light) brown/hazel eyes
- deep-set/sunken/bulging/protruding eyes
- small/beady/sparkling/twinkling/(informal) shifty eyes
- piercing/penetrating/steely eyes
- bloodshot/watery/puffy eyes
- bushy/thick/dark/raised/arched eyebrows
- long/dark/thick/curly/false eyelashes/lashes
Face 脸 - a flat/bulbous/pointed/sharp/snub nose
- a straight/a hooked/a Roman/(formal) an aquiline nose
- full/thick/thin/pouty lips
- dry/chapped/cracked lips
- flushed/rosy/red/ruddy/pale cheeks
- soft/chubby/sunken cheeks
- white/perfect/crooked/protruding teeth
- a large/high/broad/wide/sloping forehead
- a strong/weak/pointed/double chin
- a long/full/bushy/wispy/goatee beard
- a long/thin/bushy/droopy/handlebar/pencil moustache
Hair and skin 头发和皮肤 - pale/fair/olive/dark/tanned skin
- dry/oily/smooth/rough/leathery/wrinkled skin
- a dark/pale/light/sallow/ruddy/olive/swarthy/clear complexion
- deep/fine/little/facial wrinkles
- blonde/blond/fair/(light/dark) brown/(jet-)black/auburn/red/(British English) ginger/grey hair
- straight/curly/wavy/frizzy/spiky hair
- thick/thin/fine/bushy/thinning hair
- dyed/bleached/soft/silky/dry/greasy/shiny hair
- long/short/shoulder-length/cropped hair
- a bald/balding/shaved head
- a receding hairline
- a bald patch/spot
- a side/centre(British English) parting
Body 身体 - a long/short/thick/slender/(disapproving) scrawny neck
- broad/narrow/sloping/rounded/hunched shoulders
- a bare/broad/muscular/small/large chest
- a flat/swollen/bulging stomach
- a small/tiny/narrow/slim/slender/28-inch waist
- big/wide/narrow/slim hips
- a straight/bent/arched/broad/hairy back
- thin/slender/muscular arms
- big/large/small/manicured/calloused/gloved hands
- long/short/fat/slender/delicate/bony fingers
- long/muscular/hairy/shapely/(both informal, often disapproving) skinny/spindly legs
- muscular/chubby/(informal, disapproving) flabby thighs
- big/little/small/dainty/wide/narrow/bare feet
- a good/a slim/a slender/an hourglass figure
- be of slim/medium/average/large/athletic/stocky build
有着苗条的／中等的／普通的／大块头的／健壮的／矮壮的身材
Extra ExamplesTopics Bodya2He hunched his shoulders against the cold wind. 他耸起肩膀抵御寒风。 Her shoulders lifted in a vague shrug. 她微微耸了耸肩。 His broad shoulders heaved with sobs. 他宽阔的肩膀因啜泣而上下起伏。 His frozen shoulder has stopped him from playing tennis. 冷冻肩使他没法打网球了。 In an aggressive situation, we stand tall and square our shoulders. 进攻的时候，要站直身子，挺直肩膀。 Inhale, drop your shoulders and raise your chest. 吸气，肩膀放松，挺胸。 Keep the feet shoulder width apart. 双脚保持与肩同宽。 My shoulders dropped with relief. 我松了口气，绷紧的肩膀也放松下来。 Roll your shoulders forward and take a deep breath. 肩膀朝前转动，深呼吸。 She was crouched with her head forward and her shoulders bent. 她低头弓背蹲着。 The child sat on her father's shoulders to watch the parade go by. 孩子骑在她爸爸肩上观看游行队伍经过。
Oxford Collocations Dictionaryadjective- broad
- huge
- muscled
- …
- shrug
- hunch
- drop
- …
- be bent
- be bowed
- be stooped
- …
- on somebody’s shoulders
(in adjectives 构成形容词 having the type of shoulders mentioned …肩膀的 broad-shouldered 宽肩的
- [countable]
the part of a piece of clothing that covers the shoulder （衣服的）肩部 a jacket with padded shoulders 带垫肩的夹克 There was snow on the shoulders of his heavy black coat. 他沉重的黑色外套的肩膀上有雪。
- [uncountable, countable] shoulder (of something)
meat from the top part of one of the front legs of an animal that has four legs 前腿连肩肉 - [countable] shoulder (of something)
a part of something, such as a bottle or mountain, that is like a shoulder in shape 山肩；瓶肩 - [countable] (North American English)
an area of ground at the side of a road where vehicles can stop in an emergency 路肩（公路两侧供车辆紧急停靠的地带）
part of body身体部位
-shouldered肩膀…
clothing衣服
meat肉
of mountain/bottle, etc.山、瓶子等
side of road公路边
Word OriginOld English sculdor, of West Germanic origin; related to Dutch schouder and German Schulter.
Idioms
be/stand head and shoulders above somebody/something
to be much better than other people or things 比其他人（或事物）好得多；出类拔萃；鹤立鸡群 His performance stood head and shoulders above the rest. 他的表现领先于其他人。
be looking over your shoulder
to be anxious and have the feeling that somebody is going to do something unpleasant or harmful to you 惴惴不安；小心提防
give somebody the cold shoulder
- (informal)
to treat somebody in a way that is not friendly 冷漠对待；使受到冷遇
have a chip on your shoulder (about something)
- (informal)
to be sensitive about something that happened in the past and become easily offended if it is mentioned because you think that you were treated unfairly （因受过委屈而变得）敏感，好生气 He has a real chip on his shoulder about being adopted. 关于被收养，他肩负着真正的责任。
have a good head on your shoulders
to be a sensible person 头脑清醒；理智
(have) an old head on young shoulders
used to describe a young person who acts in a more sensible way than you would expect for a person of their age 年轻老练；少年老成
on somebody’s shoulders
if blame, guilt, etc. is on somebody’s shoulders, they must take responsibility for it 由某人承担 Stop trying to put the blame on somebody else’s shoulders. 不要试图将责任推卸到别人的肩膀上。
put your shoulder to the wheel
to start working very hard at a particular task 着手大干起来；全力以赴 Everyone is going to have to put their shoulder to the wheel. 每个人都将不得不站起来。
rub shoulders with somebody
(North American English also rub elbows with somebody)
to meet and spend time with a famous person, socially or as part of your job 与某名人接触（或交往） He’s rubbing shoulders with stars all the time. 他一直在和星星擦肩。 She had been rubbing elbows with celebrities. 她一直在和名人擦肘。
a shoulder to cry on
used to describe a person who listens to your problems and gives you sympathy 倾诉的对象 He was a fatherly shoulder to cry on when things went wrong. 当出现问题时，他是一个像父亲一样可以倾诉的人。
shoulder to shoulder (with somebody)
physically close to somebody 肩并肩地；紧挨着 The large crowd stood shoulder to shoulder in the stands. 一大群人并排站立。 The route of the procession was lined with police officers standing shoulder to shoulder. 游行所经道路两边都是肩并肩站立的警察。
as one group that has the same aims, opinions, etc. 并肩；齐心协力
straight from the shoulder
if you say something straight from the shoulder, you are being very honest and direct, even if what you are saying is critical 坦诚；直言不讳