the simplest and smallest forms of life. Bacteria exist in large numbers in air, water and soil, and also in living and dead creatures and plants, and are often a cause of disease. 细菌 Neither chilling nor freezing kills all bacteria. 冷藏和冷冻都不能杀死所有的细菌。 antibiotic-resistant bacteria 耐抗生素细菌 Food that is contaminated with bacteria may not look or smell bad. 被细菌污染的食物可能看起来或气味都不好。 The spots can become infected with bacteria . 斑点会被细菌感染。 Raw meat and poultry may contain harmful bacteria . 生肉和家禽可能含有有害细菌。 These beneficial bacteria already naturally reside in the intestines. 这些有益细菌已经自然存在于肠中。 There are many different strains of this bacterium. 该细菌有许多不同的菌株。 Collocations The living world The living world生物界 Animals动物 animals mate/breed/reproduce/feed (on something) 动物交配／繁育／繁殖／以…为食 fish/amphibians swim/spawn (= lay eggs)鱼／两栖动物游动／产卵 birds fly/migrate/nest/sing 鸟飞翔／迁徙／筑巢／啼叫 insects crawl/fly/bite/sting 昆虫爬／飞／咬／叮 insects/bees/locusts swarm 昆虫／蜜蜂／蝗虫成群地飞来飞去 bees collect/gather nectar/pollen蜜蜂采蜜／花粉 spiders spin/weave a web蜘蛛结网／织网 snakes/lizards shed their skins 蛇／蜥蜴蜕皮 bears/hedgehogs/frogs hibernate 熊／刺猬／青蛙冬眠 insect larvae grow/develop/pupate 昆虫的幼虫生长／发育／化蛹 an egg/a chick/a larva hatches 卵孵化；小鸡出壳；幼虫孵出 attract/find/choose a mate吸引／找到／选择配偶 produce/release eggs/sperm产卵；排卵；产生／释放精子 lay/fertilize/incubate/hatch eggs产卵；使卵受精；孵卵 inhabit a forest/a reef/the coast栖居于森林／礁石／海岸 mark/enter/defend (a) territory标出／进入／保卫领地 stalk/hunt/capture/catch/kill prey悄悄接近／猎杀／捕获／杀死猎物 Plants and fungi植物和真菌 trees/plants grow/bloom/blossom/flower 树木／植物生长／开花 a seed germinates/sprouts 种子发芽 leaves/buds/roots/shoots appear/develop/form 叶子／花蕾／根茎／幼苗长出来／长大／成形 flower buds swell/open 花蕾含苞欲放／绽放 a fungus grows/spreads/colonizes something 菌类生长／扩散／长满… pollinate/fertilize a flower/plant给花／植物授粉 produce/release/spread/disperse pollen/seeds/spores长出／传播花粉／种子／孢子 produce/bear fruit结果 develop/grow/form roots/shoots/leaves长出根茎／嫩芽／叶子 provide/supply/absorb/extract/release nutrients提供／吸收／提取／释放营养物 perform/increase/reduce photosynthesis进行／增加／减少光合作用 Bacteria and viruses细菌和病毒 bacteria/microbes/viruses grow/spread/multiply 细菌／微生物／病毒生长／扩散／繁殖 bacteria/microbes live/thrive in/on something细菌／微生物在…中存活／大量生长 bacteria/microbes/viruses evolve/colonize something/cause disease 细菌／微生物／病毒进化／长满…／引发疾病 bacteria break something down/convert something (into something) 细菌（将某物）分解／转化（成某物） a virus enters/invades something/the body病毒进入／侵入某物／身体 a virus mutates/evolves/replicates (itself) 病毒变异／演化／（自我）复制 be infected with/contaminated with/exposed to a new strain of a virus/drug-resistant bacteria感染上／接触到一种新病毒／抗药性细菌 contain/carry/harbour bacteria/a virus带有细菌／病毒 kill/destroy/eliminate harmful/deadly bacteria杀灭有害的／致命的细菌 Topics Biology b2 , Illness b2 Oxford Collocations Dictionary adjective dangerous harmful beneficial … verb + bacteria phrases See full entry More Like This Easily-confused plural/singular forms Easily-confused plural/singular forms